Which federal regulation specifically governs confidentiality concerning substance abuse?

The correct answer is B, CFR 42 PII (Substance Abuse Confidentiality Regulations) because this regulation is specifically designed to protect the privacy and confidentiality of individuals receiving treatment for substance use disorders. It establishes strict guidelines on how information related to an individual's substance abuse treatment may be disclosed, ensuring that patients’ sensitive information is kept private and secure.

CFR 42 is vital for maintaining the trust between patients and healthcare providers, as it encourages individuals to seek help without the fear of their substance use information being disclosed improperly. This regulation applies to any person or entity that provides substance use treatment, which includes clinics, individual counselors, and hospitals.

Other options, such as CFR 45 PII, CFR 30 PII, and CFR 60 PII, do not specifically address confidentiality for substance abuse treatment. For instance, CFR 45 mainly pertains to the protection of personal health information under HIPAA but does not have the same focus on the stringent requirements related to substance abuse. Therefore, CFR 42 is uniquely positioned to govern this critical aspect of healthcare confidentiality.